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This is the last article in the seven-part series on language teaching and the
Internet. In this series we have covered a broad range of topics:
1. The First Steps to Internet
Connectivity (Vol. 20(10), pp. 40-44)--A definition of the Internet, what
the Net can mean to teachers, and how to get on the Internet (including the necessary
hardware, software, and a list of Internet providers);
2. "I'm on the
Internet! Now what do I do?" (Vol. 20(11) pp. 48-55)--Describes some
of the rules of etiquette, the so-called "netiquette," of email and discussion
lists;
3. Language Forums in Cyberspace
(Vol. 20(12) pp. 31-35)--Explains how to get started on discussion lists on the Net
and describes some lists for teachers and students;
4. An Introduction to the World Wide Web (Vol. 21(1) pp. 32-34)--Gives a definition
of the World Wide Web, provides a list and descriptions of Web browser software,
and describes some interesting Web sites for teachers and students;
5. Resources for Teachers
on the Net (Vol. 21(3) pp. 33-35)--Describes uses of the Net for professional
development and for use in the classroom, how to use search engines to find what
you want on the Net, and lists some places that are good resources for teachers on
the Net;
6. Internet Technology: Some
Classroom Perspectives (Vol. 21(5) pp. 42-49)--Shows how some teachers in
Japan are using the Internet, including the World Wide Web, to teach reading, writing,
speaking, and listening.
The Internet is difficult to write about due to its immensity and because it is always
changing. In this series, we have tried to give you the essential information you
need to start using the Internet. However, we would be remiss if we did not mention
some of the accompanying pitfalls of using it. This article examines a few of the
problems one can encounter when using the Net for information and for the classroom,
takes a positive look into the future, and ends with a resource list for people interested
in finding out more about the Internet.
Personal Use for Correspondence, News, and Research
Some of the positive characteristics of the Net carry corresponding disadvantages.
With the Internet you get fast communication with email and excellent socializing
on lists and MO*s. The downside is people often find they are getting too much correspondence,
sometimes 50 to 100 messages a day, and can't cope. The answer would be to either
cut down on the number of lists you join or to use the digest function that many
lists provide (a digest allows you to receive all of the day's messages combined
into one single message).
In addition, with the fast turn-around of email, some people have come to expect
immediate replies and are upset if a day or two elapses without getting a response.
You may have to deal with what you feel are unreasonable requests to accommodate
other people's desire for information.
Email isn't always reliable. The problem could be with your software, hardware, or
Internet provider. Sometimes the email software cannot handle the number of messages
being received or saved and "crashes," or breaks down, causing you to lose
incoming messages or to have trouble accessing old messages you have saved. To help
avoid this, clean out your messages often and save your important messages as text
files. Needless to say, make backup copies of these important messages on floppy
disks or other backup media. If your hard disk crashes or your modem breaks down,
you may lose mail. Also, Internet providers periodically close down for maintenance;
usually they notify their customers in advance and then send you your messages later,
but this does not help if someone sends you an urgent message during the system maintenance
period.
Many of these problems cannot be prevented, so it would be a good idea to keep a
separate list of all email addresses (called e-ddresses) of people you communicate
with so that you can notify everyone about your email problem in one message after
it occurs (or before if you have advanced warning). Because these problems happen
often, when sending important messages, ask the recipient to confirm receipt of the
message. (Some systems, such as Compuserve, let you request an automatic confirmation.)
If you urgently need a reply, consider using the phone or fax.
With all the resources on the Web, you have access to lots of information and news
at your fingertips whenever you want it, but is there enough time to digest it? In
the April 22, 1996 issue of Newsweek magazine, in a letter to the editor referring
to the murder of school children in Dunblane, Scotland, a person wrote:
Your story on the Dunblane tragedy gave me a reality check. I'd read about the
tragedy on the Internet just after it happened. And it was lodged in my mind as an
insignificant factoid among other events; but the reality of it struck me when I
saw your photos of the smiling children who had probably been smiling, too, minutes
before they were killed. (p. 4)
This lack of empathy with what we read from the Net is going to get worse, not
better. Words scrolling up a screen do not have the impact of pictures, still or
moving, to impinge on our consciousness; although the Internet, especially the Web,
is considered to be multimedia, still much of the communication is in written form.
Perhaps this detachment is tied to the phenomenon in which many people say they have
trouble reading articles or papers off the screen and must print them out before
they can read them either for pleasure or for proofreading. Something about lines
scrolling up a screen or perhaps the limitations of the size of the average screen
inhibit the way people read.
There are many sources of information for research purposes, but since anybody can
post to the Internet or create a home page, and since hard news from traditional
sources of information such as reputable newspapers, news magazines, and TV news
programs can sometimes be found alongside gossip, rumor, and propaganda on the Net,
there has been a loss of reliable authority. We need to approach what we read on
the Net with the same critical skills with which we read other material.
Possible Problems in the Classroom
In addition to the plusses and minuses listed above, there are three other issues
to consider about using the Internet: technical problems, student problems, and curriculum
problems. These points are considered below in detail.
Technical Problems
As with all technology-based pedagogy, there is bound to be hardware and software
problems. For example, even if you have enough computers installed with Web-browsing
software, there may still be problems with access to the Web because of physical
limitations on your school's connection to the Net (this is called "narrow bandwidth").
This might mean that your entire class may either not be able to access the Internet
at the same time or that downloading may be exasperatingly slow. Teachers need to
understand that technical problems are a fact of life in the CALL classroom, so they
must have alternate lesson plans available for when these problems occur. It is also
a very good idea to have a technical assistant available in the classroom to help
out before and during the lesson.
Student Problems
There are three areas of student problems: the attitudes and aptitudes of students,
the appropriacy of materials for students, and plagiarism.
Student attitudes and aptitudes: There are some students who either do not
like working with technology or do not have a knack for it. How do you deal with
this, especially if your class is a requirement for graduation? This problem needs
special sensitivity on the part of the teacher or administrator. Perhaps circulating
a computer attitude questionnaire at the beginning of the course to see if there
are such students in the class would be a good way to address the problem. Any student
indicating some apprehension could be given extra attention. In addition, providing
an adequate computer orientation would help these students.
Appropriateness of materials for students. The Internet is based on the free
exchange of information. This means that one can find anything on the Net, including
the profane, pornography, hate-mongering, and foul language. How you deal with this
is up to you and your situation. There is software such as Surf Watch that will allow
you to deny access to certain topics if you feel this is necessary.
Plagiarism problems. The Internet offers an excellent alternative to the school
library with its perhaps limited collection. However, the down side is that it is
easy with the Internet, as with all electronic reference sources, to cut and paste
with minimum effort, making it much easier to plagiarize. Extra care should be made
to give students a clear explanation of what constitutes plagiarism, and how to avoid
it.
Curriculum Problems
One curricular problem is a lot of class time may have to be spent teaching students
how to use the computer and software which will take time away from the focus of
the class. If it is a writing class, for example, the more time spent on teaching
computer skills means less time teaching composition. One school solved this problem
by establishing a required course for incoming freshmen that includes 12 hours of
computer orientation.
Looking at larger curricular issues, there are many interesting things you can do
on the Internet, but do they fit with your curriculum? Choose activities that both
utilize the unique characteristics of the Internet and fit into your curriculum.
If your curriculum is an academic one which focuses on accuracy, then perhaps using
email, with its informal use of language and punctuation and its relaxed attitude
toward typos may not be the best use of the Internet for your class. Instead, you
may want to use the Internet for more formal help, such as the Purdue On-line
Writing Lab <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/>.
A Look to the Future
I hope that this article will not scare you away from using the Internet. As this
series has shown, the research and educational possibilities are immense. What's
more, the services provided are expanding daily.
What can you expect from the Internet in the future? There will be many benefits
for the consumer. On the WWW you will find more Web pages meeting your particular
needs as more people create pages specifically for language learning and teaching.
There will be more Internet providers offering better service at prices more schools
can afford. There will be faster modems and wider transmission lines so you won't
have to wait twenty minutes or more for your material to download. Almost free long
distance/international phone calls or video phone calls are already doable"
through the Net, with required hardware costing less than 10,000 yen and software
costing about 6,000 yen (see article
six in this series for hardware and software details). Use of this Net telephone
service will become more common in the very near future.
For those who want to play a more active role on the Net, there will be easier ways
to create your own home page and Web sites. Research and discussion capabilities
will increase, with more discussion lists for narrower topics and an increased number
of actual articles available on-line rather than just abstracts. Finally, new applications
such as intelligent agents which can be set to continually look for and bring to
your computer the types of material you want will soon be available, making it easier
to deal with the enormous amounts of information on the Internet. All this, and more
that can now barely be imagined, will be available in the very near future.
Conclusion
The Internet can be a useful resource for the language teacher, for the language
student, and for the language class. If teachers listen to the hype without
hearing about the problems, they will be discouraged when they encounter difficulties.
The backbone of the Internet is information, and getting information about the Internet,
both positive and negative, is the responsibility of teachers wanting to use it for
their personal and professional purposes, or for their classes. We hope that with
this Internet series we have helped in a small way to give you the information you
need to incorporate the Internet into your academic life and into your language classroom.
We'd like to leave you with a list of software and books that will give you more
information on how to use the Internet.
Materials on the Internet
This is a list of books, videos, and software for and about the Internet, including
information on the World Wide Web. The CD-ROMs are hybrid for Macintosh and Windows
computers, but the software is for the Macintosh, unless otherwise indicated. Software
for Macintosh computers as an (M) mark before it and Windows software has a (W) mark.
Software available for either system has an (M/W) mark, and software, especially
CD-ROMs, that work on both platforms is marked (M & W). When ordering, indicate
what type of computer you have. For information and reviews of some of this software
that is located on the WWW, use the procedures mentioned in articles four and five
in this series. This list is not complete, nor is it an endorsement for the software
companies or the distributors on the list. The prices were correct at the time of
writing, but may have changed since then. Sample prices are from catalogs from Learning
Services, Micro WAREHOUSE, MacMall, and MacZone, and other sources.
1. From Learning Services, Inc.
PO Box 10636
Eugene, OR 97440-2636 USA
Ph. 1-800-877-9378
Fax 1-541-744-2056
<http://www.learnserv.com>
Books
- Classroom Connect Newsletter, (no price available, but free trial issue)
- Classroom Connect Yearbook, Volume 1, $24.95
- Hahn, Harley, The Internet Complete Reference, Second Edition, $19.95
- The World Wide Web Complete Reference, $19.95
- The Internet Yellow Pages--3rd edition, $19.95
- The Internet Yellow Pages for Kids--Special Edition, $13.95
- The Internet for Busy People, $15.95
- Internet Workshop for Teachers, $23.95
- Internet for Teachers, $17.95
- World Wide Web for Teachers, $19.95
- Way of the Ferret (Net and Web resources), $27.95
- The Internet University: College Courses by Computer, $26.95
Computer Software
- (M) Surf Watch (Internet security), $39.95
- (M) Cyber Patrol (Internet security), $25.00
- (M) PageMill (Web page construction), $89.95
- (M) Internet.Master (how to get on and use the Net), $33.95
- (M/W) Internet in a Box (how to get on and use the net),Mac $59.95, Windows $79.95
- (W) Internet in a Box for Kids (how to get on and use the net), $38.95
- (M/W) Netscape Navigator (access to the Web), $39.95
- (M/W) Eudora Pro (access to the Net), $67.95
- (M/W) Internet Phone (use your computer as a phone), $69.95
Book/Software
- (M & W) Teacher's RoadMAP to the InterNET (book/Hybrid CD), $24.95
- (M & W) Student's RoadMAP to the InterNET (book/Hybrid CD), $19.95
- (M/W) Educator's Internet Companion (book/video/diskette), $32.95
- (M & W) Educator's World Wide Web TourGuide (book/CD), $32.95
- (M/W) Internet Starter Kit (book/diskette), $29.95
Videos
- The Internet Revealed Videotape Series, $129.95
- Information Superhighway, $27.95
2. From Micro WAREHOUSE (formerly Mac WAREHOUSE)
1720 Oak Street
PO Box 3013
Lakewood, NJ 08701-9917 USA
Ph. 1-800-397-8508
Fax 1-908-905-9248
CompuServe GO Code: GO MW
<http://www.warehouse.com>
Computer Software
- (M) Internet Valet (access to Net), $39.95
- (M) Claris Emailer (email management), $69.95
3. From MacMall
2645 Maricopa Street
Torrance, CA 90503-5144 USA
Ph. 1-800-222-2808
Fax 1-310-225-4000
Computer Software
- (M) Apple Internet Connection Kit 1.0 (easy access to Net, CD), $48.95
4. From The Mac Zone
15815 SE 37th Street
Bellevue, WA 98006-1800 USA
Ph. 1-206-603-2570
Fax 1-206-603-2550
eWorld MACZONE
CompuServe GO MZ
<http://www.maczone.com/maczone/>
<http://www.internetMCI.com/marketplace/mzone/>
Computer Software
- (M) SnapMail 2.0.2 (for conferencing and communication on the Net, 5 pack), $154.95
5. Windows Internet Software
6. From TESOL, Inc.
15815 SE 37th Street
Alexandria, VA 98006-1800 USA
Ph. 1-206-603-2570
Fax 1-206-603-2550
Books
- Warschauer, M. (1995). E-mail for English teaching, Alexandria: TESOL,
Inc.
7. Others
- Classroom connect Newsletter <http://www.classroom.net/classroom/products/crcpub.html>
- Warschauer, M. (Ed.). (1995). Virtual connections: Online activities and projects
for networking language learners. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Second Language
Teaching and Curriculum Center.
All articles at this
site are copyright © 1997 by their respective authors.
Document URL: http://www.jalt-publications.org/tlt/files/97/jun/promises.html
Last modified: June 17, 1997
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