The Language Teacher
04 - 2002
̈قȂQ̃O[vɂ
p땶̕]
-{lwƃXyClw̔r
~c@
鎭ۑw
I. ͂߂
̖̌ړÍA{lwƃXyClẃA܂މpɑ]ɍق邩ۂApɂтƂ킯pbҊԂłуR~jP[V~ɍsȂ߂̕T邱ƂɂB
NAC^[lbg̕yɑ\ITiZpj̒̐iɔāA葽̐lXpɐG`ĂĂB̂悤ȏł́A݂ɈقȂ錾ƂlB̊ԂŃR~jP[V}낤ƂꍇAʂ̌Ƃĉpgp@葽Ȃł낤BāA̍ۂ̈ӎvaʂɎx𗈂Ƃ̂Ȃ悤Ap̍\i@j𐳂FĂ邱Ƃ߂ł낤B
̂悤ȎЉIwi܂AЂƂ̉pɂĔ@IRpӂāAɉpOƂĊwKA{lwƃXyClwɕ]ĂBȂAAP[g̉p͑S10pӂÁA^⎌^╶Atos莌܂ޕAɖߕ́AvT̕Ɍčl@B
II. s
JE (1978) ́Awh-^╶̌땶ɂāAčlwɂƂāAł₷땶They study English when?̂悤ɁA^⎌ɒu镶î悤ȕ́Aecho question=₢Ԃ^╶AƌĂjłA{lpꋳtɂ́AWhen they study English?ł₷łAƌłB
Fayer and Krasinski (1987) ́AESLw̘^pꕶApb҂Ɣb҂ɕ]B̌ʁAO҂̕҂A@Iɑ]ɂȂAƂ̌ʂB
l̃T[`ƂāAMatsunaga and Caprio (1989) Bp̌܂ޕ̕]́Ab҂̕Ab҂BɁAt̕AtłȂ҂AƕĂB
܂ALudwig (1982) ́AESL wK҂̏p]ۂ̌XɂČyAb҂̕]́AESL wK҂`eɏd_ûɑāAb҂́A@̐mɏd_uXAƏqׂĂB
Suenobu, Kanzaki, and Yamane (1987) ́A{lw̉pɂ锭b^A̒Ɋ܂܂Tɕ (omission, addition, tense, word order, vocabulary) āAbҁičljɁA̐mȈӖ肳B̌ʁA79.8p[ZgintelligibilityixjƂāApb҂̋ɁA@̐mɌŎ̂ł͂ȂAR~jP[Vd̎Ɖ^cSׂłAƎ咣ĂB
III.
1.
ꂼ̕ꂪقȂ邱ƂlƁA{lw (Japanese Students=JSs)ƁAXyClw(Spanish Students=SSs)Ƃ̂QO[vԂ̉p]ɂ͍B
2. @
AP[g쐻A팱҂ɔztĉĂiAP[g̎w͕t^PQ)B
3. {
JSs=2000NS
SSs=2000NQ
4. 팱
JSs 95i鎭ۑwEۊwɍݐЂPN60AQN35j
SSs 136 iXyCEoVAH|w1jUniversidad Politecnica de Valencia
ŏȊwUPN132 AQNQARNQj
5. Ɏgpp̏oTiwZ苳ȏj
^⎌^╶Atos莌܂ޕAіߕ́Aȉ̒wZpꋳȏpB̉p퐶ŕpɂɎg꓾̂Ɣf߂ł2)B
(1) Total English 1iGoŁj
(2) Sunshine 2iJj
(3) Columbus English Course 2i}j
(4) New Horizon 2iЁj
(5) Sunshine 1iJj
IV. ʂƍl@
vIɂ̓JCQ (Chi-square=2) pBLӐ͂Tp[ZgŁARx (df) Qł邩Al 5.991476 傫A̐ƂؖꂽƂɂȂiAP[g̍ڂƉʂ͕t^QQƁjB
͂̌ʁAŜƂĂ͉͐ƌł낤B (1) ƕ (3) ɂẮAO[vԂɑiLӂȊWj͑SF߂ȂB (4) ƕ (5) ɂ͂PA (2) ɂĂ͂QF߂BȉAڍׂɍl@i߂Ă݂邱ƂɂB
1. ^⎌^╶----- (1) ƕ (2)
1b 2c ɒڂƁAɋ^⎌ij̍ŌɒuĂBII ̐sŏqׂ悤ɁÂ悤ȕ echo questioni₢Ԃ^╶jƌĂBāAJSs O[v SSs O[vɁAecho question ɑ]ႢƂ킩B2c łdȌƂđI JSs 66 (69%) ASSs 111 (82%) ŁAO[vԂɂ͑F߂B܂A1b lɑI҂́AJSs 68 (72%) ASSs 110 (81%) ŁÃ2 l (6.04) ́AF߂鐔lɂ͂킸ɋyȂ̂́AO[vɂ́A^⎌ijɒu@IdȌƂĕ]ƂAʂ̌X悤łB
{lAčlɔׂāAecho question ɑĂ茵]sȂƂ́A~c(1994) Umeda
(1995) ̃T[`łĂB
@ƂŁAXyCŐl̔N₤ꍇA (1) XyCꍇA
(1s) Cu'antos anos tiene tu hermano?
ƁAȂAŎtienei`tenerj̍łʓIȉp have łB1b, 1c ꂼ̌땶̒ɁAis̑ have (has) pĂAقȂ錋ʂꂽ̂ł낤B̌ۑƂB
2. to s莌܂ޕ----- (2) ƕ (3)
(2) ƕ (3) ́Aꂼtos莌܂ށB땶2b 3a ́Ai (2) play, (3) see) ̑OɒuׂOu to ĂB 2b 3a ɂ́AO[vԂ̑͌ȂBȂA2b ɊւĂ SSs 116 (85%) A3a ɊւẮA98 (72%) łyƂđIłB̂Q̌땶 ]X́AJSs ɂi2b=76 A80%; 3a=61 A64%jAŌƁA땶 SSs ̕B́AXyCŕ (2) ѕ (3) Ɠl̕\ꍇAOuȂ`s莌\g邩ł낤BA(2)ƕ(3)XyC
(2s) Qu'e deporte te gusta practicar?
(3s) Quieres ver el video?
ƁAȂAŎi̕łpracticar͉pplayAverseeɑj́A`s莌ƂȂB
ȂA2a ɂ͗O[vԂɑF߂BSSs 2a łyƂĕ]Ă҂ 13 (10%) 炸AI JSs 14 (15%) łBO[vɁAꂪ땶͕]ĂȂƂ킩B2 ̐l͑F߂ɂ͂Ȃ̂́A3c ɂľX悤łB
3. ߕ----- (4) ƕ (5)
4b 5c ɁAꂼꗼO[vԂ̑F߂B
4b ́AԐږړI me ɒuĂāAJSs 87 (92%) ASSs 113 (83%)
AꂼłdȌłAƕ]ĂBp̌\lAƂȌʂł낤B
{ƓlAXyCɂړIꂪ̑OɒuP[XBړIꂪl̑㖼̏ꍇłBႦA
(J) ĂB
̃XyĆA
(S) Me lo presentas, por favor.
ł3)BŎړIime=uɁvAlo=uvjAi{ꕶ́uvAXyCꕶpresentasA`presentarjɐĒuĂBAXyCł́AړIꂪl̑㖼̎́ȂOɂɂu\̂ɑāAʖ̏ꍇ͓̌ɒuBāAʖ̖ړI܂ޕ (4)̃XyĆA
(4s) Pres'tame tu pasaporte, por favor.
ƂȂBpresentǎɊԐږړImetAɂ̌ɒږړItu pasaporte (your passport)̂łB̕@̋ḰAړI͏ɓ̑Oɒu{̂Ƃ͈قȂB܂A
(4s') Me presentas tu pasaporte, por favor.
Ƃ邱ƂłB̏ꍇme͑Of̕(S)Ɠlɓ̑OɒuBΏƓIɁAtu pasaporte(4s)Ɠ̌ɑB̂悤ɁASSs ɂ 4b ̕]Ⴉ̂́AړIꂪʖłɂ炸ȂOɒuĂ邽߁AƐł̂łB
܂A͔F߂Ȃ̂́A4c ɂẮASSs 123 (90%) łyłAƕ]̂ɑAJSs 32 (34%) ɕ]ĂȂBIV-2łqׂ悤ɁAłOu tǒpɊւāASSs ̕ JSs eȌXBJSs62(65%)4a]Ă̂́A̔{̌ꏇƗގĂ邩ł낤B
5c (Doesntn܂ے薽ߕ̔@IjłdȌƕ]JSsSSśAꂼ46(48%)75(55%)ŁǺA5b (Donť̓sit-stے薽ߕ̔@IjlɑIiJSs=20A21%; SSs=37A27%jBO[v̊wɁAp̔ے薽ߕDon'tn܂ƂƂAŏdvł̉ʂł낤B܂A5a 87 (64%) SSs ]Ă̂́AXyC̔ے薽ߕApƓXy No n܂邩ł낤
V.
{lwƃXyClẃA܂މpɑ]ɂďqׂĂBT[`Ɏgpp̐ĂAO[v̊w̐Up\͂قȂB̏lɓKv͌܂łȂA땶̑ 15 ̂A11 ɗO[vԂ̍ق邱ƂAS̓Iɂ́AO[vԂ̉p]ɂ͍Aƌł낤B
21 I̎Љł́AC^[lbg͂߂ƂfBA̔BɂāA葽̐lXۉȂɉpɐG@܂܂ł낤Bɂ́AꂪꂼقȂlƐlƂ̊ԂŁAOƂẲppăR~jP[VsȂP[XƂƂłBp`B̃c[ƂČꍇAłȂƂ́AɁuǂ܂Őʂ邩vƂƂłBāA݂ɏ\Ȉӎv̑aʂ͂邽߂ɂ́ATPO ɍ킹āAłKȉp\őƂƂ̂ł\͂gɕtĂ邱ƂKvsɂȂł낤BāAꂩxuṕv̒̂ЂƂAp̍\i@j̐FƗAƂƂɂȂ̂ł͂ȂBpb҂Ɣb҂pŃR~jP[VꍇAb҂̌pb҂F邱ƂɂA傫ȃ~XER~jP[Vɂ͎ȂP[Xl悤BApbғmŁAƂ킯ꂼ̕ꂪقȂAp̌pvʏd傳ŁAR~jP[VɎx炷ꍇl̂łB̓_Ɋ֘AāAIIŋSuenobu et al. ̌ʂApb҂̗ꂩ炷AmIɎ~߂邱ƂłȂ\BAp̍\𗝉ĂȂAR~jP[V̂ɎxႪ댯AƂƂłBpgāAlXȕ̊ɏ]ĂlB́ÂƂɔOɒuĂKv邾낤B
́Aǂ̒x܂ʼnp̍\𗝉ĂAR~jP[V~ɐ}邱Ƃł̂ÃR~jP[VՓxʂɐݒ肵ŁAĂ݂ƎvB
- oVAH|wƗ鎭ۑw͎ogZłB
- (2)(5)pɂ́AAP[gŎgp邽߂ɁȀC{B
- Presntamelo, por favor.ƂƂłBȂA{ɒXyC̖ߕ́ASĂQl̒P`pĂB
Ql
~c (1994).uWh^╶̕]ѓċtԂ̔rvw鎭ۑwIvxP pp. 71-76.
JFY (1978).uError Analysis---pꋳɂ̕]vwwwIvxpp. 197-20.
Fayer, J. and E. Krasinski. (1987). Native and Non-native Judgments of Intelligibility and Irritation, Language Learning, 37 (3), 313-26.
Ludwig, J. (1982). Native Speaker Judgments of Second-Language Learners' Efforts at Communication: A Review, Modern Language Journal, 66, 274-83.
Matsunaga, T. and M. Caprio. (1989). Native and Non-native Speaker Evaluation of Non-native English Students' Language Production, JACET Bulletin, 37-50.
Suenobu, M., K. Kanzaki, and S. Yamane. (1987). An Experimental Study of Intelligibility of English Spoken by Non-Natives, JACET Bulletin, 147-71.
Umeda, H. (1995). Judging Acceptability: Japanese Teachers of English and their American Counterparts, Suzuka International Forum, 2, 89-97.
v@ɊւQƕ
pj (1990).wpꋳ猤xCُX.
̏_̎MɂAXyCEoVAH|w Universidad Politecnica de Valencia ̃NXeBiEyXwɂ́Awwւ̃AP[g{ɂ͂B܂AAP[g̃XyC̎w쐬̍ۂɂ͋cߐ搶i鎭ۑwjɁAvI@Ɋւď㓡Y搶i鎭ۑwjɁAꂼꂨbɂȂBɋLĐ[ӂ̈ӂ\BāAMdȃAhoCXĂǒS̐搶ɂA\グ܂B
t^P
AP[g̎w
({lwpj̃AP[gɂAeg̍ŏ͐̕płAɑ a, b, c ́̕AӖIɂ͍ŏ̐ƓɂȂ邱ƂӐ}Ă̂́A܂ł܂Bꂼ̑g a, b, c ̒ŁAƔrāAłyƎv̂ɁuPvA̎ɌyƎv̂ɁuQvAłƎv̂ɁuRvAa, b, c e̍ɂ鉺ɋLĂiXyClwp̎ẃAeXyCŕ\L)B
t^Q
AP[g̍ڂƉ
(JbR̓p[Ze[WA2ĺA_ȉRʂľܓA2ľ*́AO[vԂɗLӂȊŴ邱Ƃj
(1) How old is your brother?
1 | 2 | 3 |
1a. How old your brother?
(JSs) | 44 (46) | 40 (42) | 11 (12) | 33.01 |
(SSs) | 17 (13) | 96 (71) | 23 (17) |
1b. Your brother is how old?
(JSs) | 10 (11) | 17 (18) | 68 (72) | 6.04 |
(SSs) | 4 (3) | 22 (16) | 110 (81) |
1c. How old your brother is?
(JSs) | 41 (43) | 38 (40) | 16 (17) | 45.29 |
(SSs) | 115 (85) | 18 (13) | 3 (2) |
(2) What sports do you like to play?
1 | 2 | 3 |
2a. What sports do like to play?
(JSs) | 14 (15) | 60 (63) | 21 (22) | 2.94* |
(SSs) | 13 (10) | 100 (74) | 23 (17) |
2b. What sports do you like play?
(JSs) | 76 (80) | 11 (12) | 8 (8) | 6.55 |
(SSs) | 116 (85) | 18 (13) | 2 (1) |
2c. You like to play what sports?
(JSs) | 5 (5) | 24 (25) | 66 (69) | 5.53* |
(SSs) | 7 (5) | 18 (13) | 111 (82) |
(3) Do you want to see the videotape?
1 | 2 | 3 |
3a. Do you want see the videotape?
(JSs) | 61 (64) | 15 (16) | 19 (20) | 12.84 |
(SSs) | 98 (72) | 31 (23) | 7 (5) |
3b. The videotape you want to see?
(JSs) | 11 (12) | 38 (40) | 46 (48) | 22.03 |
(SSs) | 5 (4) | 25 (18) | 106 (78) |
3c. Want to see the videotape?
(JSs) | 23 (24) | 42 (44) | 30 (32) | 7.51 |
(SSs) | 33 (24) | 80 (59) | 23 (17) |
(4) Show me your passport, please.
1 | 2 | 3 |
4a. Your passport show me, please.
(JSs) | 62 (65) | 32 (34) | 1 (1) | 86.76 |
(SSs) | 11 (8) | 107(79) | 18 (13) |
4b. Me your passport show, please.
(JSs) | 1 (1) | 7 (7) | 87 (92) | 3.55* |
(SSs) | 2 (1) | 21 (15) | 113 (83) |
4c. Show to me your passport, please.
(JSs) | 32 (34) | 56 (59) | 7 (7) | 85.16 |
(SSs) | 123 (90) | 8 (6) | 5 (4) |
(5) Don't sit here.
1 | 2 | 3 |
5a. No sit here.
(JSs) | 35 (37) | 31 (33) | 29 (31) | 16.52 |
(SSs) | 87 (64) | 25 (18) | 24 (18) |
5b. Don't sits here.
(JSs) | 45 (47) | 30 (32) | 20 (21) | 11.71 |
(SSs) | 35 (26) | 64 (47) | 37 (27) |
5c. Doesn't sit here.
(JSs) | 15 (16) | 34 (36) | 46 (48) | 1.85* |
(SSs) | 14 (10) | 47 (35) | 75 (55) |
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